A cornea transplant, also known as keratoplasty, is a surgical procedure in which a damaged or diseased cornea is replaced with a healthy donor cornea. Here’s an overview of what happens during a cornea transplant:

1.Preoperative Preparation:

Before the surgery, you will have a consultation with your ophthalmologist to discuss the procedure, answer any questions you may have, and review your medical history. You may also undergo various eye tests and measurements to determine the appropriate size and type of donor cornea needed.

2.Donor Cornea Matching:

A critical step in the process is matching the donor cornea to your specific needs. Eye banks carefully screen and evaluate donor corneas to ensure their quality and safety.

3.Surgical Procedure:

The cornea transplant surgery typically follows these steps:

• Preparation: Your eye will be cleaned and sterilized, and an instrument called an eyelid speculum will be used to keep your eyelids open.
• Removal of the Diseased Cornea: Your surgeon will make an incision in the eye to access the cornea. Using specialized instruments, the damaged or diseased cornea is carefully removed.
• Donor Cornea Placement: The healthy donor cornea, which has been prepared and sized to fit your eye, is then placed in the same location where your damaged cornea was removed.
• Suturing or Bonding: The donor cornea is typically secured in place with very fine sutures (stitches). In some cases, newer techniques like Descemet’s membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) or Descemet’s stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) may involve using an air bubble to attach the donor tissue without sutures.

4.Postoperative Care:

After the surgery, you will be moved to a recovery area, where your eye will be monitored for any immediate complications. Your eye may be patched for protection.

5.Recovery and Follow-Up:

Recovery time varies from person to person, but you will need to attend follow-up appointments with your ophthalmologist. These appointments are crucial for monitoring the healing process and ensuring that the graft is successful.

6.Medications:

You will likely be prescribed eye drops or other medications to prevent infection, reduce inflammation, and promote healing. It’s essential to follow the prescribed medication regimen diligently.

8.Visual Rehabilitation:

It may take some time for your vision to stabilize and improve. Your ophthalmologist will guide you through the process of visual rehabilitation, which may include prescription eyeglasses or contact lenses.

9.Long-Term Follow-Up:

Cornea transplant recipients require long-term follow-up care to monitor the health of the transplant and address any issues that may arise, such as rejection or complications.

10.Enjoying Improved Vision:

Over time, as your eye heals and the graft integrates, you should experience improved vision. The goal of the cornea transplant is to provide you with clearer vision and a better quality of life.

It’s important to note that while corneal transplants are generally safe and effective, there can be risks and potential complications, such as graft rejection or infection. Close communication with your ophthalmologist and adherence to postoperative care instructions are essential for a successful outcome.